Pakadali pano, ma phukusi ambiri a chakudya cha ziweto sangagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Opanga akuluakulu ndi magulu monga Pet Sustainability Alliance akufuna kusintha zimenezo.
Makampani opanga zakudya za ziweto, omwe amadziwika ndi matumba ake akuluakulu komanso okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala zovuta kubwezeretsanso, akhala amodzi mwa magawo aposachedwa kwambiri oganiziranso za mapaketi ake osinthika. Mapangidwe a zinthu chimodzi, kapangidwe kopepuka komanso kubwezeretsanso zinthu zikukhala zofunika kwambiri kwa makampani.
Ogula amagwiritsa ntchito mabiliyoni ambiri a madola pa chakudya cha ziweto chaka chilichonse, ndipo United States imapanga matumba apulasitiki okwana mapaundi 300 miliyoni kuti idyetse ziweto ndi zinthu zina, malinga ndi kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi makampani opanga zinthu. Pakadali pano, zinthu zambirizi sizingabwezeretsedwenso. Koma pamene mibadwo yachinyamata komanso yokhazikika ikuyamba kuyika ndalama zambiri pakukhala ndi ziweto, kufunika kwa kusintha kukukulirakulira.
“Ogula akufunafuna ma phukusi omwe angathe kubwezeretsedwanso, opangidwa ndi manyowa, kapena ogwiritsidwanso ntchito,” anatero Christine Mallier, woyang'anira zosamalira zachilengedwe ku Petcurean. Petcurean ndi kampani yaku Canada yomwe imapanga mitundu ya Go! Solutions, Now Fresh, and Gather. “Kwa nthawi yayitali, mitengo inali yokwera kwambiri.”
Matumba wamba a chakudya chouma cha ziweto (chotchedwa kibble) amapangidwa ndi nsalu yolimba, yosasweka yokutidwa ndi pepala kapena pulasitiki yopangidwa ndi chitsulo kuti chakudya chisatayike ndikuletsa mafuta kutuluka. Kunja kwa thumba nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe owala. Chifukwa matumba awa amapangidwa ndi pepala ndi pulasitiki, ndi ovuta kuwabwezeretsanso.
Makampani opaka zinthu ayamba kupanga matumba pogwiritsa ntchito polyethylene ndi ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) ndipo akufunafuna njira zina zochepetsera kapangidwe kawo.
Kusinthaku kukubwera chifukwa cha khama la makampani akuluakulu odyetsa ziweto monga Purina, Hill's, ndi Mars, omwe apanga malonjezano osamalira chilengedwe omwe akuphatikizapo kulongedza. Purina akuti pafupifupi 90% ya mapulasitiki ake ku North America "adapangidwa kuti abwezeretsedwenso," ndipo kampaniyo ikufuna kufikira 95% ya kubwezeretsanso zinthu pofika chaka cha 2025.
Bungwe lopanda phindu la Pet Sustainability Alliance linakhazikitsa lonjezo lake lokhazikika mu 2022 kuti lilimbikitse mitundu ya zakudya za ziweto kuti isinthe kukhala ma paketi obwezerezedwanso, ogwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndi/kapena opangidwa ndi manyowa pofika chaka cha 2025.
"Timaona Lonjezo la Kupaka Zinthu ngati mwayi wabwino wothandiza makampani opanga zinthu za ziweto kuti ayambe kugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zina, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ndi malo abwino kwambiri," anatero Ali Boden, mkulu wa pulogalamu yopaka zinthu ku PSC.
Makampani khumi ndi atatu avomereza lonjezoli, kuphatikizapo Earth Animal, Instinct, ndi Petcurean, ndipo layamba kutchuka pakati pa makampani ang'onoang'ono ogulitsa zakudya za ziweto. Cholinga cha bungweli ndikulimbikitsa kusintha kwinaku akulimbikitsa makampaniwo kuti aziyankha ndikuwagwirizanitsa pa zolinga zomwezo.
PSC imapatsa mamembala ake mwayi wopeza msika wa makampani opaka zinthu monga Ahlstrom ndi Printpack, zomwe zimawathandiza kupeza zinthu zopaka zinthu kuchokera ku njira zobwezeretsanso, zogwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso zophikidwa. PSC imapatsanso mamembala ake zida monga thandizo popanga zilembo zobwezeretsanso zinthu komanso upangiri wopanga zinthu zopaka zinthu.
Petcurean, yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito ndi PSC kwa zaka zingapo, inati kudzipereka kwake kunali koti ikhale yowonekera bwino pankhani yokonza zinthu zomwe zikukonzekera.
Poyamba, matumba a kampaniyo ankapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za PET, zomwe zinali zovuta kubwezeretsanso. Tsopano apangidwa ndi polyethylene yotsika kwambiri (LDPE), pulasitiki yosinthasintha, yosagwa, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka chinthu chimodzi kangawathandize kubwezeretsanso mosavuta mtsogolo.
"Muyenera kuchita khama lanu kuti muwonetsetse kuti phukusili likukhala latsopano komanso lokhalitsa ngati lomaliza," adatero Mallier, ponena kuti LDPE ikhoza kupereka zimenezo, koma zitenga nthawi kuti makampani asinthe kwathunthu kupita ku phukusi lina.
Kugwiritsa ntchito EVOH, copolymer yosinthasintha ya thermoplastic, kukukopa chidwi pankhaniyi. EVOH nthawi zambiri imabweretsa mavuto obwezeretsanso zinthu, koma makampani ena amanena kuti akupeza njira zothetsera vutoli.
Roastar akuti adapanga ma CD a chakudya cha ziweto omwe ali ndi chotchinga chowonekera bwino chomwe chimaletsa chakudya kuti chisamamatire m'thumba ndipo chomwe chingagwiritse ntchito EVOH yobwezeretsanso. Wogulitsa makina ndi zida zopakira Windmöller & Hölscher adatinso amapanga matumba a chakudya cha ziweto omwe amatha kubwezeretsanso okhala ndi chotchinga cha EVOH chophatikizidwa.
Zochitikazi zimakhudzanso kukula kwa thumba. Ngakhale kuti makampaniwa amadziwika ndi matumba akuluakulu olemera mapaundi 10 mpaka 20, mapangidwe ambiri atsopano amalemera pakati pa mapaundi 2.5 ndi 5.
Troy Snader, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wamkulu wa chitukuko cha ma phukusi achiwiri ku ProMach, anafotokoza kuti kusinthaku kunachitika chifukwa kapangidwe katsopano sikangakhale kothandiza monga kapangidwe kakale ka multilayer posunga zinthu zouma chifukwa cha zinthu zotchinga.
"Pali zoletsa ndi zoletsa zina mumakampani opanga ma paketi pa mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zingathe kupakidwa, koma zinthu zikusintha nthawi zonse," adatero Mallier.
Kusinthanitsa pakati pa kupanga matumba ambiri ndi ang'onoang'ono ndi kuchepetsa zinyalala kumaonedwa kuti ndikofunikira kuti pakhale phindu lina lokhazikika kuchokera ku zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Kusamukira ku PE ndi EVOH yambiri kumafunanso kuganizira zinthu zopangira.
ProMach yawonjezera zinthu zatsopano, monga ma nip rollers, kuti zigwire ntchito zatsopanozi. Mtengo wotseka ma polyethylene pakudya kwa ziweto ukhozanso kukhala wokwera chifukwa kutentha kwake kuli kochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina.
"Vuto linali kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wotenthetsera m'malo mongotenthetsera utali wonse wa ndodo monga momwe zinalili kale," adatero Snead.
Ngakhale makampani akupita mbali iyi, palibe msika womveka bwino wa matumba apulasitiki odyetsera ziweto ndi abale awo "okhazikika". Mapaketi a chakudya cha ziweto amtundu uliwonse amaipitsidwa mosavuta ndi zotsalira za chakudya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kubwezeretsanso kwake kuli kofooka m'machitidwe ambiri.
Mayankho ambiri atsopano okonzera chakudya cha ziweto amapezeka kokha pa mapulogalamu obweza chakudya m'sitolo. Makampani ena, monga Petcurean ndi Earthborn Holistic, agwirizana ndi How2Recycle kuti agwiritse ntchito zilembo zobweza chakudya m'sitolo za matumba a HDPE ndi LDPE.
Mapulogalamu obwezeretsanso zinthu akhala akufufuzidwa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa pazifukwa zingapo, ndipo msika wa zinthuzi mwina udzakula pamene malo ambiri opangira mankhwala kapena amakono obwezeretsanso zinthu akupezeka pa intaneti. Posachedwapa Berry Global yalandira ulemu chifukwa chopanga matumba osinthika a chakudya cha ziweto a Hill's pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zochokera mu njirayi, kusonyeza momwe izi zingakhudzire msika wa chakudya cha ziweto.
Pakadali pano, ngakhale kuti palibe msika womveka bwino wa ma phukusi ambiriwa, magulu osinthira chakudya cha ziweto akuti ndikofunikira kuyamba kudziwitsa anthu tsopano.
"N'zovuta kuletsa anthu kutaya zinyalala," adatero Malil. "Kutengera ndi momwe ogula amaonera, amatha kuthandiza makampani omwe akuchita izi ndikukhala atsogoleri."
"Ngakhale kuti zipangizozi zimatha kubwezeretsedwanso mwaukadaulo, malo ambiri obwezeretsanso zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi alibe zomangamanga zoti azigwiritse ntchito, kapena palibe zosonkhanitsira m'mbali mwa msewu. Chifukwa chake, ma CD ambiri apulasitiki osinthasintha amatha kutayidwa," kampaniyo idatero, ndikuwonjezera kuti "tidzakhala okonzeka zomangamanga zikakhazikitsidwa."
Kuwonjezeka kwa malamulo ndi kukakamiza anthu pa mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kukupanga mwayi pamsika wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi. Makampani monga Pulpex, Paboco, DS Smith ndi ena akuthandiza makasitomala kupanga mabotolo atsopano, mabokosi ndi zina zambiri.
Kapangidwe ka mitengo yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa ndi nkhani yaikulu kwa makampani ena opaka ndi zipangizo, omwe akukonzekeranso zokambirana zatsopano pa mfundo za EPR ndi kubweza ndalama chaka chino.
Kuwonjezeka kwa malamulo ndi kukakamiza anthu pa mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kukupanga mwayi pamsika wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi. Makampani monga Pulpex, Paboco, DS Smith ndi ena akuthandiza makasitomala kupanga mabotolo atsopano, mabokosi ndi zina zambiri.
Kapangidwe ka mitengo yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa ndi nkhani yaikulu kwa makampani ena opaka ndi zipangizo, omwe akukonzekeranso zokambirana zatsopano pa mfundo za EPR ndi kubweza ndalama chaka chino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-07-2025